
Former JPMorgan London Whale boss Ina Drew
FORTUNE -- On Friday, Ina Drew, the former head of JPMorgan Chase's chief investment office and ultimate boss of the London Whale, told a Senate subcommittee that she was misled. What's more, despite the $6.2 billion loss -- one of the biggest in Wall Street history -- Drew believes she did a "reasonable and diligent" job even as the losses were piling up.
Drew, who was based in New York, threw much of the blame for the losses onto the firm's former London traders. She said, without her knowledge, the traders who reported to her "inflated" the values of their positions and were not calculating their losses in "good faith."
A Senate report found that JPMorgan traders shifted the way they were marking the portfolio in either late 2011 or early 2012. In one instance, according to the report, the portfolio's daily loss was recorded as $12 million. It was in fact $600 million.
"I did not, and do not, believe that I engaged in any misconduct," Drew told senators.
MORE: JPMorgan ex-execs testify about London Whale
The hearing came a day after the Senate released a 300-page report on JPMorgan's 2012 trading loss. Drew, in he first public appearance since the losses were revealed last May, was among a number of current and former JPMorgan executives who were questioned on Friday. For more than three hours, Democratic Senator Carl Levin, head of the subcommittee investigating JPMorgan's trading blunder, grilled the executives on why the trades were miss-marked and why JPMorgan's risk controls weren't enough to limit the losses, among other issues. Rather than come clean, Levin said JPMorgan mislead the public and regulators in its initial response to reports about the potential London Whale losses.
"JPMorgan piled on risk, hid losses, disregarded risk limits,manipulated models, dodged oversight, and misinformed the public," said Levin.
Former CFO Doug Braunstein, who is now a vice chairman of the bank, said JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon in 2011 ordered bank employees to hold back information about the bank's trades from regulators. Braunstein said Dimon did it because the bank was worried that information being related to regulators was not being kept confidential. The bank resumed reporting trading results to regulators after two weeks.
One of Levin's key points of inquiry was about a risk model that was changed at the bank that effectively let the London Whale trading position continue to grow, even as officials inside the bank stated they wanted to lower the riskiness of their positions to comply with new regulations.
Michael Cavanagh, who is the head of JPMorgan's investment bank, said the bank does rely on models to tell it how much risk the bank has. He said at times, changes in models have resulted in the bank reducing its stated risk exposure. But he said it was not the policy of the bank to change its risk models just to show that the bank's risk had dropped.
MORE: Fed approves capital plans of 16 of 18 banks
Peter Weiland, the chief risk officer of JPMorgan's chief investment office, said he regretted calling a report that warned the bank could lose $6.3 billion in January 2012 in its credit portfolio "garbage." Weiland said it was probably less than a coincidence that the actual loss ended up being within $100 million of that original estimate.
"We got some new numbers, and they looked like garbage from what I could tell," said Weiland.
For her part, Drew said she only learned of the problems in the portfolio in late March, just a week or so before media reports began to emerge about the surprisingly large bets the bank had made on credit derivatives. Even after she found out about potential problems, Drew said traders in London continued to hide information from her about the credit trades.
She seems to have had little contact with Bruno Iksil, the chief trader of the portfolio who has been nicknamed the London Whale. Instead, she appears to have relied on the trader's bosses, Achilles Macris and Javier Martin-Artajo, and risk models that now appear to have been flawed. In early April, Drew said Macris and Martin-Artajo told her the most the bank's credit portfolio could lose in the second quarter of 2012 was $250 million. They also said there was a possibility it could produce a $350 million profit. Instead, the portfolio lost more than $4 billion.
Drew said she played no role in revising the risk model that, in part, led to JPMorgan's (JPM) huge loss. Nonetheless, she admitting knowing the portfolio was regularly in "breach" of the firm's risk limits - on 71 straight days according to the Senate's report's findings - in early 2012. She also said that "senior management" at JPMorgan signed off on delaying a move that would have stopped the portfolio from growing significantly in early 2012.
MORE: Senate on London Whale: Worse than we thought
Levin seized on that fact to say the real problems were with JPMorgan's management and not its risk models. "It wasn't that the risk limits were wrong," said Levin. "It was that risk managers didn't manage the risks they knew they had."
Drew's testimony also shed light on how large and profitable the bank's chief investment office had become. From 2007 to 2011, Drew said her division contributed $23 billion to the bank's bottom line, or nearly a third of JPMorgan's total profit during the period. At the time of the credit losses, Drew said her division was responsible for hedging $700 billion in potential lending losses.
Some have called the Senate investigation of JPMorgan a witch hunt, considering the bank was more than able to swallow the losses without any help from the government. JPMorgan's stock is now higher than it was before the announcement of the London Whale losses. But Levin said the investigation was key to uncovering the riskiness of the nation's banks and how JPMorgan and others use deposit money that is insured by the government.
"Apparently, JPMorgan was too busy betting on derivatives to make loans that would have sped the U.S. recovery," he said.
The Federal Reserve bank stress test suggests a Goldman risk measure may be misleading.
FORTUNE -- In the last year or so, Goldman Sachs executives have tried to portray their firm, often seen as a Wall Street swashbuckler, as a lot less risky than it used to be. The Federal Reserve appears not to be convinced.
We'll get a better idea of what the Fed thinks on Thursday after the market closes, MORE
Stephen Gandel, senior editor - Mar 14, 2013 5:00 AM ET
If you look beyond recent mishaps and scandals, there are values to be found in financial shares.
By Russell Pearlman, contributor
FORTUNE -- Disaster and misbehavior have dominated recent headlines about big banks. Whether it's multibillion-dollar trading losses (J.P. Morgan Chase), a settlement for rigging interest rates (Barclays), a Senate report asserting money laundering for drug cartels (HSBC), or assorted bad press for Standard Chartered, Capital One, Wells Fargo, and others, MORE
Aug 21, 2012 5:00 AM ET
Caught up in the Libor scandal, the star investment banker and American CEO of the British bank was forced to resign. His departure represents the end of an era for big banks.
FORTUNE -- By the time the call came, Bob Diamond knew his tenure as CEO of Barclays was at an end. It was 9:30 p.m. on Monday, July 2, and Diamond had just gotten home from the office when MORE
Shawn Tully, senior editor-at-large - Jul 30, 2012 5:00 AM ET
Jamie Dimon needs to take a cue from J.P. Morgan's trading debacle and divide the banking giant into manageable pieces.
By Sheila Bair, contributor
FORTUNE – When I was a child, my sister and I loved watching the goings-on at a chicken farm near my grandmother's house in rural Kansas. Chickens are interesting social animals, resembling, somewhat, the way we in Washington interact with one another. They were always on the MORE
May 25, 2012 5:00 AM ET
A number of funds run by former JPMorgan employees are cashing in, but not much.
FORTUNE -- Is Dodd-Frank, the law that is supposed to make the banks less risky, actually to blame for JPMorgan's huge trading loss?
Earlier this year, Neil Chriss, who runs hedge fund Hutchin Hill, said in a Bloomberg interview that he was looking to profit by buying up positions that the large banks might be forced to MORE
Stephen Gandel, senior editor - May 16, 2012 7:05 AM ET
Customers would benefit, the U.S. government would benefit, and - believe it or not - the big banks themselves would do better.
By Sheila Bair, contributor
FORTUNE -- America is downsizing. Whether it's the food we eat, the cars we drive, or the houses we live in, Americans are concluding that smaller is better. Even U.S. corporations are starting to see the benefit of more Lilliputian institutions; the impending -- and widely hailed MORE
Jan 18, 2012 10:56 AM ET
After default, emergency restructuring was needed to satisfy lenders.
FORTUNE -- The Forbes family has poked itself in the eye with its "capitalist tool."
Like many publishers, Forbes Media has struggled during the financial crisis. But according to nonpublic documents made available to Fortune, the company has been under more financial strain than previously believed. Forbes Media violated covenants on a revolving credit line that it took out in 2006, according to MORE
Katie Benner - Jul 28, 2011 5:00 AM ET
That's what most companies do when they buy their own shares. But you can avoid the trap.
FORTUNE -- In 2006 and 2007 timber giant Weyerhaeuser (WY) conducted one of the biggest share buybacks in its history. It unleashed $800 million to purchase its shares, which were dancing near an all-time high of $80. In 2009, with the stock at $30, the company spent a mere $2 million on its own MORE
Scott Cendrowski, writer-reporter - Jul 11, 2011 5:00 AM ET
The U.S. government's often maligned $14 trillion intervention not only staved off global collapse - but is making money.
With Doris Burke
FORTUNE -- The bailout of the financial system is roughly as popular as Wall Street bonuses, the federal budget deficit, or LeBron James in a Cleveland sports bar. You hear over and over that the bailout was a disaster, it cost taxpayers a fortune, we didn't really need it, it MORE
Allan Sloan, senior editor-at-large - Jul 8, 2011 5:00 AM ET| Stocks finish higher for fourth straight week | ||
| Oil-price manipulation: the next Libor? | ||
| Prison exclusive: Bernie Madoff can't sleep | ||
| Google says you'll know when Glass is sketchy | ||
| Dirty medicine |